NAZLIN IN ‘THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA HUMAN RIGHTS SERIES’ PUBLISHED IN 2011 AND LAUNCHED ONLINE IN OCTOBER 2012 FOR USE IN ALL THE UNIVERSITIES IN AMERICA AND ACROSS THE WORLD FOR LAW STUDENTS ON HUMAN RIGHTS STUDIES; NAZLIN HAS ONCE MORE MADE HISTORY AND HER HARD WORK HAS BEEN NOTED AND UNKNOWN TO HER, BEEN PROFILED AS A CASE STUDY ON AN ENTIRE CHAPTER BY THE UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA, USA, IN THE ‘PENNSYLVANNIA STUDIES IN HUMAN RIGHTS SERIES’ PUBLISHED BY UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANNIA PRESS, IN THE VOLUME TITLED ‘GENDER AND CULTURE AT THE LIMIT OF RIGHTS’ EDITED BY DOROTY L. HOGDEKINSON PROFESSOR AND CHAIR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY AT RUTGERS UNIVERSITY USA IN CHAPTER NINE TITLED ‘MUSLIM WOMEN, RIGHTS DISCOURSE AND THE MEDIA IN KENYA’ AUTHORED BY PROFESSOR OUSSEINA D. ALIDOU. THE VOLUME IS DESCRIBED IN THE WORDS OF THE EDITOR PROFESSOR DOROTHY L. HODGESON AS FOLLOWS,
“The volume is an inter-disciplinary collection, authored by well known distinguished scholars and examines the potential and limitation of women’s rights as human rights framework as a strategy for seeking gender justice drawing detailed case studies from the USA, Africa, Latin America and elsewhere.
Contributors to the volume explore specific social histories, political struggles, cultural assumptions and gender ideologies in which rights based protocols that have produced certain rights or reframed long-standing debates and perceptions in the language of rights. The essays address gender specific ways in which rights based protocols have been analyzed, deployed and legislated in the past and present and their implications. Contributors speak to central issues on current scholarly and policy debates about gender, culture and human rights from comparative disciplinary, historical and geographical persepectives. This bold agenda is made even more challenging by the focus on gender, particulary on those many interventions that have depicted women as victims and vulnerable to male power. The book provides a timely , well balanced and valuable resource that has been previously missing from the array of text books that could be used in university courses and those interested in human rights sciences consistently focusing on how rights , gender and culture, interact, come into conflict and discursively construct each other while very successfully moving the debate forward, by exploring how rights based interventions presume or transform gender relations.”
IN A NUTSHELL ON NAZLIN, IN THIS UNIVERSITY OF PENSYLVANIA SERIES ON HUMAN RIGHTS VOLUME TITLED ‘GENDER AND CULTURE AT THE LIMIT OF RIGHTS’ EDITED BY DOROTY L. HOGDEKINSON PROFESSOR AND CHAIR OF THE DEPARTMENT OF ANTHROPOLOGY AT RUTGERS UNIVERSITY USA IN THE ENTIRE CHAPTER NINE TITLED ‘MUSLIM WOMEN, RIGHTS DISCOURSE AND THE MEDIA IN KENYA’ AUTHORED BY PROFESSOR OUSSEINA D. ALIDOU, STATES THAT, QUOTE
“Born in 1967, Nazlin is a woman of modest educational accomplishments. She only completed high school because of her family’s decision to marry her off at an early age. Inspite of this background, she is clearly a brilliant person who has continued to read widely in both the western and Islamic traditions. In the process, she has acquired a degree of consciousness and skills that are rare for Muslim women of her level of formal education. With a sophisticated mastery of both Kiswahili and English, she came to see herself as a translator and mediator, with the ability to read critically the implications of both secular laws and Muslim doctrines. As a result Nazlin was able to delineate the areas of the proposed sexual offenses Bill that were technically problematic. The excerpt of her live radio talk show on the Bill in 2006, Radio Rahma, Mombasa, Kenya, demonstrates her sharp awareness of questions of legal definition, evidentiary procedure and the consequences of Law on public resources.
At the time of this radio talk show in 2006 Nazlin was already a very prominent activist in the Orange democratic movement (ODM), a political party that had emerged in the heat of an acrimonious political contestation over the constitutional referendum in 2005. Partly because of leaders Like Nazlin, the ODM accomplished its objective when the majority of Kenyans voted NO in the referendum. The results of the referendum, in turn, gave Nazlin and the other ODM leaders a new political clout in the Nation. In the aftermath of the referendum, Nazlin declared her intrest to run for the presidency of Kenya then scheduled in 2007. Though she probably knew her chances were slim, she saw the elections as window of opportunity to inscribe the voice of the minority, Kenyan Muslims, even as she articulated politico-economic agendas that were both National and transethnic.
Nazlin has brought to the public domain what has been traditionally considered to be in the private domain. It shows Nazlin’s commitment and dedication as an Islamic activist of limited education, to acquire skills in critical literacy to read and deconstruct not only religious texts but secular materials like legal documents of scientific literature on diseases that have a bearing on their lives. Nazlin has also galvanized media technology towards challenging the hegemony of the non-Muslim majority.
Nazlin shows how secular learning and social skills have been mobilized by Muslim women for religious ends on behalf of Muslim women in particular and the Kenyan Muslim community in large, in the political context of the nation in transition. This Islamist Muslim woman’s voice challenges prevailing deeply entrenched orthodoxies that have defined relations not only between men and women in the Muslim communities and between Muslim women and non- Muslims including their non-Muslim ‘sisters’, the dominant non-Muslim majority misrepresented and misunderstood Muslim women’s reality…that when references are made about Kenyan women, the nuanced experience of minority Muslim women are not taken into account, or perceived as “non-indigenous. For Nazlin, reclaiming their citizenship in a Nation-state that discriminates against them as a religious minority becomes a critical mission. Secondly she feels it is urgent to confront their own community about patriarchal interpretation of Islam and its (misconceived) link to Muslim women’s oppression.
Her activism is shaped by an Islamic framework rather than secular reasoning, which they reject as a constituent of western secularism. Nazlin has galvanized the media and enabled Muslim women to reclaim their citizenship within their own communities and the nation at large.
This dynamic is precisely what makes Nazlin both a Muslim leader and a Kenyan leader. In this process of re-claiming Islam and redefining citizenship, Nazlin is not only galvanizing Muslim women to not only ‘multi-culturalize’’ the human rights regime in their country, but also putting to rest the long held view of Muslim women as passive onlookers. Nazlin has left no doubt that Muslim women are bold agents of change within their own communities and well beyond.” End of quote.
IN A NUTSHELL, ON NAZLIN AND NAZLIN’S FOUNDED MAMOTH ORGANIZATION THE NATIONAL MUSLIM COUNCIL OF KENYA (NMCK –NUR) WHICH IS DETAILED FURTHER HEREIN, THE UNIVERSITY OF PENSYLVANIA STUDIES ON HUMAN RIGHTS STATES THAT, QUOTE,
“(In the past) institutionally, virtually all Muslim organizational structures in Kenya such as SUPKEM had been entirely male dominated and male centered. The founding of the NMCK, pioneered and chaired by Nazlin Omar Rajput – a Muslim organization with an overwhelming women’s grassroot membership, marked a clear departure from this patriarchal tradition. NMCK sent a clear signal of the determination of Muslim women activists to transform this gendered structures of Kenyan Muslim organizational leadership. The primary mission of the NMCK is to fill the gap of Muslim women’s under- representation created by male-dominated organizations. More important, its goal is to provide an effective mechanism for addressing major societal issues affecting Muslim women and children, including HIV/AIDS, gender disparities, the role of religion in addressing women’s rights, and social justice in their own communities and at large.
NMCK is also active in providing a Muslim women’s perspective on governance. As Nazlin Omar Rajput points out,
“The situation of Muslim women is made all the more invisible due to the lack of accessible information on their status, their priority needs and the factors that contribute to their marginalization. Without reliable gender sensitive information, awareness raising on persistent gender inequalities is undermined and the development for the effective “action for change” programme constrained. Also while a number of Muslim women groups exist, they are geographically scattered, not well organized and are not linked through formal networking arrangements. Instead the interests of Muslim women tend to be represented by male dominated and gender blind organizations acting as umbrella bodies for Muslims, which have no interest nor programmes targeted specifically for Muslim women nor any representation of women throughout the Nation.”
Clearly then, Kenyan Muslim women are beginning to refuse to be part of the patriarchal vision of the unconditional unity of Muslim polity. To them, Muslim unity must arise not only from confronting the non-Muslim ‘other’ on questions of distributive justice, but also from the promotion of a more just relation across gender within the Muslim Ummah itself.” End of Quote.
NAZLIN HAS ONCE MORE MADE HISTORY AND HER HARD WORK HAS BEEN NOTED AND UNKNOWN TO HER, BEEN PROFILED AS A CASE STUDY ON AN ENTIRE CHAPTER BY THE UNIVERSITY OF WISONSIN, USA, IN THE BOOK TITLED, “MUSLIM WOMEN IN POST COLONIAL LEADERSHIP IN KENYA- LEADERSHIP, REPRESENTATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE” AUTHORED BY PROFESSOR OUSSEINA D. ALIDOU. CHAPTER 5 ON NAZLIN IS TITILED, MUSLIM WOMENANDTHE USE OF NEW MEDIA – INSCRIBING THEIR VOICES IN RIGHTS DISCOURSE” DESCRIBES THE ROLES OF SIX MUSLIM WOMEN SELECTED FROM THE JUDICIARY, PARLIAMENT, MEDIA AND THE PUBLIC DOMAIN AND IS DESCRIBED BY THE AUTHOR AND REVIEWS AS FOLLOWS,
Alidou introduces readers to extraordinary Kenyan Muslim women who deftly weave together secular, religious and activist perspectives to transform their communities. Their stories, and Alidous astute analysis, portray the challenge facing the twenty-first-century agents of change” Susan Hirsch, author of pronouncing and perservering Gender and the discourse of disputing in an African Islamic court.
Nazlin emerges as a leader in local, national and international contexts, advancing reforms through activism. “Muslim women in postcolonial Kenya” reveals how her religious and moral beliefs shape reform movements that bridge ethnic divides and fosters alliances in service for creating a just, multicultural, multiethnic ad mulireligious democratic citizenship.
Examining the interplay of gender, agency and autonomy, Ouseina Alidou shows how Nazlin has effected change in the home, school, mosque, and more. She illuminates her determination to challenge the oppressive influences of male-dominated power structures. In looking at differences as opportunities rather than obstacles, Nazlin reflects a new sensibility among Muslim women, redefining the meaning of women’s citizenship within her own community and the Nation.
NAZLIN IN THE PUBLICATION OF VOICES OF PEACE, UNITED PEACE FEDERATION (UPF), USA, NAZLIN HAS ONCE MORE MADE HISTORY AND UNKNOWN TO HER, EXCERPTS OF HER PAPER TITLED “ISLAM, THE RELIGION FOR ALL WOMEN” PRESENTED DURING AN INTERNATIONAL GATHERING OF WORLD LEADERS, DATED JANUARY 2ND 2006, HAS BEEN PUBLISHED IN THE BOOK “ISLAMIC PERSPECTIVES ON PEACE” A COLLECTION OF PAPERS AND REMARKS FROM PROMINENT GLOBAL MUSLIM LEADERS AND OPINION SHAPERS.
NAZLIN IN A PUBLICATION OF THE INTER PRESS SERVICE (IPS, A GLOBAL MEDIA HOUSE) TITILED, “ THE WORLD OF INTER PRESS SERVICE 2003. IPS COVERAGE OF THE IRAQ WAR”, NAZLIN HAS ONCE MORE MADE HISTORY AND HER HARD WORK HAS BEEN NOTED AND UNKNOWN TO HER, BEEN LISTED AMONG THE WORLDS 25 LEADING MOST MENTIONED WOMEN IN THE WAR IN IRAQ AND THE ONLY WOMAN IN AFRICA. AUTHORED BY C, ANTHONY GIFFARD, UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON, USA.
GLOBAL NOMINATIONS AND ACCOLADES EVEN PRIOR TO HER PARTICIPATION IN THE POLITICAL ARENA:
American biographical institute; Other historic accomplishments that Nazlin has acquired on several occasions are Global recognitions whereby in the month of May 2006 Nazlin received a nomination as the world woman of the Year 2006 by the American Biographical Institute in the United States of America, again nominated for World Woman of the Year 2007, A. B. I., U. S. A., Nominated Gold Medalist Award for Kenya year 2009, A.B. I. U. S. A. At the same time Nazlin is to feature in the edition of the Great women of the 21st century. This volume will contain the unabbreviated biographies of less than one thousand great women of the 21st century who have attracted the attention of the American biographical Institute’s many years of research in preparation for this publication. Some of the prominent names to be profiled with Nazlin’s are HRH Queen Elizabeth II, Madeline Albright, Margaret Thatcher, Indira Gandhi, Laura Bush, Mother Teresa and Queen Noor of Jordan. Nazlin’s name was selected by the governing board of editors of the ABI which numbers 10,000 and who hail from 75 countries around the world. So far Nazlin has never sought any awards out of her humble, demure and serving nature.
Nazlin was nominated by the Kenyan public for the ‘Eve Woman of the Year Award’, February 2005 but made news headlines and profiles setting an unheard of precedence in Kenya when she humbly pleaded the judges to withdraw her names, declared her support and humility for the ideology to celebrate the struggles of women and the recognition given to her but pleaded for the withdrawals of her names as a Nominee for the top prize as she felt the process of selection was not transparent nor democratic or rigorous enough, which was the fundamental core and essence of her struggles, amidst thundering applause by the over 1000 guests who accorded her a standing ovation. She asked the judges and the guest of honor the then minister of culture, Hon Raphael Tuju to accord the nomination to another deserving woman but sat in through-out the function to show her support and solidarity to the organizers and towards the struggles and gains women made.
Nazlin was nominated for the eve award for founding the mammoth national Muslim council of Kenya and the National Muslim women’s network the NUR, founding the ‘oasis of Hope’ a free legal and mediation service for women, having experienced pain, economic hardships caused by marital breakdown and family tragedies including multiple murders, being unreservedly vocal and passionate about her commitments to women’s economic, social and civil rights, having served numerous government committees and organs with national policy making , her lead role in the constitution review process in Kenya, governance, social justice and peace initiatives, her activities that have provided a voice for all women, oppressed peoples and for the downtrodden Muslim women, and ensured the NUR, the only National grassroots Muslim women network in Sub-Saharan Africa is present and active in the entire Nation and that Nazlin is credited for being the first woman to bring sensitive Islamic and women’s issues into the public domain, including the unveiling of HIV-positive Muslim women in her ‘breaking the silence behind the veil’ world famed project.
Nazlin being a woman who has demonstrated that democracy in an integral part of her life and as such her conscience would not allow her to partake in a process that would undermine her dignity, her principles, her integrity and the very essence of true democracy which is a quest all women are still constantly in search of. Not -withstanding her support for the idea of celebrating women’s achievements, Nazlin begged the indulgence of over a thousand elite citizens and the guest of Honor, the Minister of Information and amidst thundering applause and a standing ovation by the whole crowd, withdrew herself from the nomination to the Eve Woman of the Year Award, requested that the award be given to another deserving women and publicly recommitted herself as a servant, defender and bridge over troubled waters for all the worlds women, children and oppressed peoples, which was heavily captured by the press and endeared Nazlin deeper into the hearts of Kenyans. After Nazlin rejected the nomination it then went to the then nominated member of parliament and presently a Judge in the supreme court of Kenya, Hon Lady Justice Njoki Ndungu. And for the year 2012 the Eve nomination has been accorded to the First lady of the Republic of Kenya, Her Excellency Margaret Kenyatta.
MEDIA PROFILING: LONG BEFORE HER ENTRY INTO THE POLITICAL ARENA, NAZLIN HAS ATTRACTED HIGH PUBLIC RECOGNITION AND ATTAINED A RARE STATUS IN KENYA AS THE ONLY WOMAN TO BE PROFILED IN ALL THE TOPMOST LEADING PRINT AND ELECTRONIC MEDIA IN RECOGNITITON OF HER GROUND BREAKING ACIEVEMENTS:
As the Muslim Woman leader in Kenya and civic/political rights activist in the Sunday Nation profile Lifestyle three page cover story on February 2nd 2003, as a Woman of excellence in Kenya on a special series of the ‘What it Takes’ programme on Kenya Television Network (KTN) on March 9th 2003 interviewed by top TV talk show host Jimmy Gathu and the East African Standard profile three page cover story as a women’s rights leader on September 13th 2003. She has also been profiled in an Islamic newspaper in Kenya on a full page in The Islamic Observer, for her leadership, role and contribution to the world. She has been further profiled in The Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC) severally as an Islamic religious woman leader and Human rights activist, full page profiles in The Kenya Times February 20th 2004, The Peoples Daily on 26th September 2004 and The Citizen Weekly in the weeks commencing 30th August and again in the Citizen Weekly in the week of 27th September 2004. Way back from January 29th 2004 on a full page spread in the Kenya times newspaper and a two page spread in The Peoples paper on February 1st 2004, Nazlin’s articles and historical analysis were published on the Kadhi’s Courts in Kenya and the Constitutional review process and continues on the same to date. On 6th February 2005, she was featured on the popular call-in-live Mandhari ya Wiki, a Kenya Television Network (KTN) program to highlight on PLWAs HIV/AIDS stigma and discrimination amongst the Muslim community. On the same agenda, on Insight programme, a live call in television talk show on Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC) which also profiled her again on 13th February 2005. Step by step also a Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC) radio program and Nation radio both acknowledged her dedication towards HIV/AIDS by featuring her on 17th and 18th February 2005. Nazlin was once more profiled live call in show on KBC television , Insight live on the 24th of April 2005 and Classic FM live call in radio show for two hours in the month of May 2005 and severally thereafter on both the premier shows on various themes based on Human rights, human trafficking, HIV/AIDS, current affairs and matters of socio-political interest. On May 1st 2005, Nazlin, the NMCK (the national grassroots organization she has founded and heads), the Behind the Veil project, National needs analysis survey report and Kadhi’s and Islamic Scholars declarations for the advancement of Muslim women’s rights were profiled in a supplement funded by USAID – the POLICY Project in the Sunday nation on a two page spread including extensive news coverage and headlines. On the 15th of August 2005, she was interviewed and profiled on Kenya’s NTV on the 7:00 pm prime television news hour as a feature on “Enzi zao” and Citizen TV live call in show on “Swala nyeti’ in October 2005 on the ongoing constitutional referendum and her role. Nazlin was once again profiled In the Sunday Standard, 04th of December 2005 as a renowed leader in Africa on a two page spread on her worldwide activities and her role as ‘Mama Orange’ and ‘Mama Kenya’ and her interest in the Presidency of Kenya, again thereafter, a two page center spread in the only Kiswahili language national newspaper in Kenya, Taifa Leo, a sister publication of the Nation newspaper on the 10th of January 2006. On January 09th Nazlin was profiled in the celebrity column on the “Best and worst” decisions column of the Daily Nation and on January 09th and 19, her childhood photograph was profiled on the popular “guess who” column of the Daily Nation, amongst other features in celebrity columns in leading newspapers in Kenya. Nazlin has also been interviewed by the Kenya Broadcasting Corporation (KBC) on the top celebrity show in Kenya – Mambo Leo, by popular host Jimmy Gathu in February 2006. The Peoples Paper – The Peoples Digest profiled Nazlin again in a full page coverage on March 24th 2006 as “Mama Orange” on her democratic ideals, leadership and support for the Orange democratic movement – ODM and her Vision for her Presidency in Kenya and on April 30th, a full page interview in the Sunday Times. Numerous other profiles on these mediums and others have not been collated.
On the road to a New constitutional debate and process of Referendum in Kenya, Nazlin has been the top woman luminary in the fore-front of the Orange democratic movement supporting the Campaign against the proposed constitution through-out all the regions in Kenya. She has been featured in all mediums in Kenya on the same. All the media houses both television and radio have featured her, including Citizen radio – Jambo Kenya live breakfast show, KBC TV live breakfast shows, KBC radio, Radio Rahma, Nation radio and television, Classic FM, KTN TV, NTV, KBC, Citizen television prime live interviews and on ‘Swala Nyeti’, a call in show, KTN Newsline live talk-show with the now hon. President his Excellency Uhuru Kenyatta on the issues faced with our Orange movement opposition of which we both were front-line luminaries of, the Standard, Nation, Peoples, Kenya times, Sunday times and Citizen weekly newspapers…etc and in soo many magazines and Radio talk-shows on many occasions as to defy counting. Indeed Nazlin was the face of the famous orange democratic movement in Kenya and repeatedly once again in opposition to the government proposed constitution in Kenya in 2010 which was promulgated.
Nazlin has also been profiled on a live show by the Kenya Television Network (KTN) after prime news in 2006 as a role model because of her dress-code and African attire which she created herself using locally produced fabrics and natural beads and ornaments which has created a dress fashion style for Kenyan women as Kenya does not have a traditional National attire, but which she has created and set a trend for. A media survey in Kenya in 2010 also recognized her amongst the top ten best dressed public-figure women in the world.
She has been interviewed severally on various International media channels on issues of Islam, the Kenyan political situation and Bills in discussion in Kenya, World Terrorism, Global Peace, Gender and Human Rights violations, leadership, democracy and good governance, the Palestinian/ Middle East crisis including the wars on Afghanistan and Iraq on CNN, Al Jazeera, Voice of America, Radio Tehran and BBC, Reuters, Associated press, AFP and several national and regional media houses the world over.
It is paramount to note that these media profiles captured herein are just a few up-to mid 2005 or thereabouts, after which her political career, quest for the presidency of Kenya and her daring opposition to social injustices, human rights violation, corruption and abuse of office both against her and the masses took a spiral leap and which has been impossible to document as it is overwhelming and too copious to collate for this bio-data.
NAZLIN HAS RECEIVED RECORDED ACCOLADES, ENDORSEMENTS AND ACCREDITATION FROM TOP BRASS, OF LEADERS within Muslim community leadership, the grassroots women and regional/grassroots community based organizations , churches, the FORUM – which in a body of 36 registered political parties, for being corruption free, for her well established popular poverty reduction projects, HIV/AIDS projects, women’s rights, defense of Islam, defense of human rights and social justice, policy implementation strategies, inter-faith harmony and dialogue between faith leaders and communities nationwide. Literally boxes of endorsements have been collected within key leaders to endorse Nazlin’s candidature for the presidency of the Republic of Kenya.
This is the write up for the AP video on YouTube when I was gassed together with Uhuru Kenyatta, Kalonzo Musyoka and other colleagues in opposition at that time.
Nazlin supported the present president of the Republic of Kenya his Excellency Hon Uhuru Muigai Kenyatta together with other opposition colleagues which included the former vice president Kalonzo Musyoka in the fore during a peaceful rally held by them as opposition colleagues at Uhuru park in Nairobi but which was disrupted and broken by armed combat security and GSU personnel when his party KANU was being hijacked while he was chairman and unlawfully registered to others by the then government. The rally at Uhuru park was broken up by armed GSU and army which climaxed into state and police brutality as they were blocked from escape, ambushed and attacked from all sides by armed GSU and army battalions outside parliament and Nazlin was cornered and marked with three tear gas canisters, one hitting her directly on her hip causing her to collapse and black out until she was later rescued and carried away by her daughter who braved the extensive security and drove through the barriers to save her mother who was unconscious and had to be resuscitated. She was interviewed by world press and this incident became sensational news.
ead Nazlin’s Complete Profile Here: http://nazlinumar.com/project/index.php/about/nazlin-profile
Read more about Nazlin involvement in International and national nominations and academic recognitions through the following external links:
http://www.unitedjerusalem.org/index2.asp?id=719872&Date=3/27/2006
http://app.newsgetter.com/go/?ng_uid=5933523A0304201500B14507540&referrer=app&destination=webapp
http://africanpress.me/2007/09/13/if-god-intended-for-raila-to-be-president-he-would-have-been-in-his-first-shot-at-it-back-in-the-moi-days-but-he-never-succeeded/
http://www.unitedjerusalem.org/index2.asp?id=719869&Date=3
http://www.upf.org/resources/speeches-and-articles/2059-rasput-a-religion-for-every-woman
http://www.upf.org/interfaith-programs/2067-islamic-perspectives-on-peace-contents
http://www.paragonhouse.com/product.php?productid=406
http://www.unitedjerusalem.org/index2.asp?id=719869&Date=3/22/2006
http://ejpress.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3209&catid=7:news&Itemid=2
http://www.dawn.com/news/184195/sparks-fly-as-imams-rabbis-discuss-politics
